2025 in Review: Anyone Can Be Labeled a Spy

A review of 2025 for the human rights project Perviy Otdel (“First Department”) and for Russia’s system of repression. We examine the sharp rise in cases under so-called “espionage” articles, harsher sentences, the use of life imprisonment and forced psychiatric treatment, as well as prosecutions based on intent, private correspondence, and donations. The video explains who is now being accused of treason and espionage, how legal norms are violated in cases involving Ukrainian citizens and foreigners, and what real assistance First Department provides — from legal defense in court to evacuations and helping people escape criminal prosecution.