ENIGMA. How the “invincible” cipher was cracked

How did Enigma work, why was it needed in the first place — and how was it eventually defeated? Imagine a device that looks like an old-fashioned typewriter, but instead of printing ordinary letters, it creates an incredibly complex cipher. The Enigma encryption machine was the key to the success of the Third Reich’s army — and especially its navy. Attempts to find vulnerabilities in it began even before World War II. Scientists from Poland and Great Britain engaged in an arms race with the developers of Enigma for several years, and the fruits of their labors not only advanced cryptography, but also laid the foundation for the computer revolution of the second half of the 20th century.